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Bone marrow transplantation, its historical development and current trends
CIMBÁLNÍKOVÁ, Eva
The transplantation of bone marrow - more generally said of hematopoietic cells - is in the present time one of the modern therapeutical methods used in cases of malfunction of haematogenesis inside of the bone. The ususal reason for going through with transplantation is leukemia, lymphomas, also anemia, congenital metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders or some of the solid tumors. Thanks to the transplantation of hematopoietic cells, it is possible to highten the chance of restoration in more than 50 % of patients suffering from oncological disease. The submitted thesis is processed in theoretical form, it is goal is to present the important points leading to progress of this presently very much used treatment and also thorough descripton of present trends in the area of transplantation of hematopoietic cells, that are almost identical in local transplatation centers as they are in the world. Another goal is to describe the role of a general nurse during providing of the care for a patient before and after transplantation of hematopoietic cells. The thesis is focused on the key areas of the issues of transplatation of hematopoietic cells and it is divided into several parts. The first part deals with the general description of the topic, it presents short introduction into the transplantation of hematopoietic cells, the basic division, historical and current indications and short preamble into todays trends. It describes closely the area of the registry of the bone marrow donors, which is the basics for the choosing of the suitable unrelated donor. The second part of the thesis deals with the desciption of historical progress since the very beginnings, through the progress during postwar period, the development of 70s and 80s of the previous century and also the 90s of the 20th century up until the present day. The third part is focused on current methods of collection of hematopoietic cells and following transplatation, it also describes closely the ways of donating hematopoietic cells, the preparation of the patient for transplantation, the course of transplantation and what should the patient prepare for during the early posttransplantation period. The fourth part is focused on nursing, it states thoroughly the role of a nurse in the nursing care before and after transplantation of hematopoietic cells, the principles a nurse has to abide by, and it also closely describes the role of a nurse during transplant application. It also describes dietary and important regimen measures the patient is set to follow after transplantation. The last part is focused especially on complications that are possible after hemopoetic cells transplantation. The necessary data have been obtained through thorough study of professional Czech and foreign monoghraphs and scientific periodicals. The acquisition of the data was significantly contributed to by the attended internsip in Internal hematological and oncological clinic of the Faculty hospital Brno Bohunice. The findings regarding nursing were obtained especially by the study of nursing standards. This thesis points out the important role of transplatation of hemopoetic cells as a method of treatment predominantly of hemooncological illnesses in current medicine and the most important roles of a nurse during the nursing of transplantation patients. The thesis provides a comperehensive overview on the issue of transplants of the hematopoietic cells and describes key areas that are considered as important. It focuses on the historical progress and the desciption of present trends thanks to which the transplantology can be considered as a highly professional and top field. It also highlights the main roles of a nurse during nursing that must be proffesional, qualified, meticulous, considerate and individualized. The results of the survey are supposed to provide the professional and amateur public enough information about the issue of transplantation of the hematopoietic cells.
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